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Peter Carl Ludwig Schwarz
Peter Carl Ludwig Schwarz (Julian, O.S.: 23 May 1822, Danzig-Gdańsk – 17 September 1894; Gregorian, N.S.: 4 June 1822 - 29 September 1894,〔''Observatory'' (1894), p. 376.〕 St. George's?; Buried: Tartu) (referred to mostly as Ludwig Schwarz),〔 was a Baltic German astronomer〔Amur catalog entry of 2 maps.〕 of Imperial Russia, explorer, and professor of astronomy at the University of Dorpat〔''Outlook'' (1894), p. 775.〕 honored with the Konstantin Medal〔The Konstantin Medal is named after Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia, the first chairman of the Russian Geographical Society.〕 of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.〔Tartu Observatory profile re Schwarz, website.〕 Schwarz also was a recipient of the Demidov Prize〔〔The Demidov Medal/Demidov Prize was an influencing forerunner to the Nobel Prize.〕 of the Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg in 1865 for his work in geodesy.〔
==Palaeoarctic Siberian Asia Expeditions==
Following assignment by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve as a field expedition astronomer (1849-1853) to study the Amur River,〔〔 astronomer Schwarz led (1854-1862) the East Siberian Expedition of 1855 which extensively explored unknown and unmapped territory in Eastern Siberia.〔Kropotkin, p. 563.〕〔
The Siberian expedition went into central Asia, southeastern Asia, and northern China.〔 Some of the routes travelled were as long as 10,000 miles.〔 Utilizing his prior Amur field knowledge of astronomy he would determine geographical positions of certain points (geodesy) for preparation of geographical maps.〔 The information would later be used in planning the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway systems and others in southeast Asia.
The volumes reporting the results of the expedition were published in 1864.〔 The separate tomes concerning the vegetation and wildlife reports were prepared by the expedition's botanist and zoologist Gustav Radde.
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